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System Design Interview

🔵 Stable🕐 updated 2026-06-08 🔷 SkillSpec L3 pm-engineering

Structure a complete system design answer for interview questions or real architecture sessions. Use when asked to design a system, answer a system design interview question, or architect a solution at scale. Produces a structured answer covering requirements, capacity estimates, high-level design, component deep-dives, trade-offs, and follow-up considerations.

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What to give it

The system to design — e.g. "design a URL shortener", "design a notification service", "design Twitter's feed"
Scope — interview prep / real architecture decision / practice run
Scale target — rough numbers: DAU, requests/sec, data volume — or "assume typical web scale"
Constraints or priorities — e.g. prioritise availability over consistency, minimise cost, low-latency reads
Time available — interview context only: 30 / 45 / 60 minutes — skip for real architecture sessions
Emphasis (optional) — optional — any area to go deeper on, e.g. "focus on the DB design" or "spend more time on scaling"

✅ The bar it holds itself to

Every skill in this library self-verifies — these are this skill's own quality checks, straight from its definition.

Clarifying questions are design-changing (not generic filler)
Capacity estimates show the arithmetic: DAU → requests/day → requests/sec → storage per record → total storage, so the numbers can be sanity-checked
Every row in the Trade-offs table has a non-empty Trade-off column (no rows where the trade-off is blank or says "none")
At least 2 component deep-dives with technology choices justified
Trade-offs section is honest (not just benefits of chosen approach)
Data flow is described end-to-end for the critical path

⚠️ What it refuses to do

Do not jump to solutions before clarifying requirements — always establish functional and non-functional requirements first
Do not present a design without discussing trade-offs — every architecture decision has costs and benefits that must be acknowledged
Do not use vague capacity estimates — show the actual calculation (QPS, storage bytes, bandwidth) not just "this handles scale"
Do not design for unlimited scale by default — match the design to the requirements stated
Do not skip the data model — a system design without entity definitions and data flow is incomplete

Install

npx pm-claude-skills add --agent claude   # or codex · cursor · gemini · hermes
# or one-line MCP (every skill, any client):
claude mcp add pm-skills -- npx -y pm-claude-skills-mcp

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💬 Discussion

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